📌 Quick Facts: First English Newspaper in India
- Newspaper Name: Hicky’s Bengal Gazette
- Also Known As: Calcutta General Advertiser
- Year of Launch: 1780
- Founder: James Augustus Hicky
- Place of Publication: Calcutta (now Kolkata)
- Language: English
- Publication Frequency: Weekly
- Year It Ceased: 1782
The history of journalism in India dates back to the late 18th century, during the early years of British colonial rule. The first English newspaper in India, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, marked the beginning of printed news dissemination in the country and laid the foundation for modern Indian journalism.
The Birth of the First English Newspaper
The first English newspaper in India, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, was launched in 1780. It was started by James Augustus Hicky, an Irish printer and journalist, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), which was then the capital of British India.
The newspaper was also popularly known as the Calcutta General Advertiser. It was a weekly publication and primarily catered to British officials and European residents living in India at the time.
Who Was James Augustus Hicky?
James Augustus Hicky was a bold and outspoken journalist known for his fearless reporting. Unlike many publications of that era, Hicky’s newspaper did not shy away from criticising the British East India Company and senior colonial officials. His motto reflected his independent spirit:
“A weekly political and commercial paper, open to all parties but influenced by none.”
Content and Impact of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette
Hicky’s Bengal Gazette featured a mix of political commentary, social gossip, advertisements, and reports on colonial administration. It was one of the earliest platforms that encouraged public debate and exposed corruption within the British administration.
However, its sharp criticism of Governor-General Warren Hastings and other powerful officials led to severe consequences. Hicky was sued for libel, imprisoned, and his printing press was eventually confiscated. As a result, the newspaper ceased publication in 1782, just two years after its launch.
Significance in Indian Journalism History
Despite its short lifespan, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette holds immense historical importance. It introduced the concept of a free press in India and demonstrated the power of journalism as a tool to question authority. The newspaper paved the way for future publications and inspired the growth of both English and vernacular newspapers across the country.
Legacy of the First English Newspaper
Today, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette is remembered as the starting point of India’s newspaper industry. It set journalistic standards for editorial independence and accountability, values that continue to shape Indian media more than two centuries later.
Conclusion
The first English newspaper in India was started in 1780 by James Augustus Hicky with the launch of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette. While its journey was brief, its influence was long-lasting, making it a milestone in the evolution of Indian journalism and press freedom.
